Open Multilingual Wordnet

This page provides access to wordnets in a variety of languages, all linked to the Princeton Wordnet of English (PWN). The goal is to make it easy to use wordnets in multiple languages. The individual wordnets have been made by many different projects and vary greatly in size and accuracy. This page has (i) extracted and normalized the data, (ii) linked to it Princeton WordNet 3.0 and (iii) put it in one place.

If you use these wordnets, please cite the original projects who created them (linked in Table 1), if you got value from this aggregation, please cite us (see below).

Documentation, News and Updates

Search

We have a simple search interface. It uses the SQL database developed by the Japanese Wordnet.

38 synsets shared from 117,661 (0%)

Language codes linked to Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/

Data for all of the wordnets.

Core refers to the percentage of synsets covered from the semi-automatically compiled list of 5000 "core" word senses in Princeton WordNet (approximately the 5000 most frequently used word senses). The original list is here from http://wordnetcode.princeton.edu/standoff-files/core-wordnet.txt (Boyd-Graber et al., 2008). Our version (converted to wn30 synsets)

The wordnets are also linked to the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (Sumo: Niles and Pease, 2001; Pease, 2011)

The fullest list of wordnets is the Global Wordnet Association's Wordnets in the World.

Mapping between wordnet versions was done using the mappings from TALP at UPC (Daudé et al. 2000).

Format

The wn-data-*.tabtab files are tab separated files of synset-lemma pairs.

  # name␉lang␉url␉license
offset-pos␉type␉lemma
offset-pos␉type␉lemma
...

Example:

# Thai	tha	http://th.asianwordnet.org/	wordnet 
13567960-n	tha:lemma	กระบวนการทรานแอมมิแนชัน
00155298-n	tha:lemma	การปฏิเสธ
14369530-n	tha:lemma	ภาวะการหายใจเร็วของทารกแรกเกิด
10850469-n	tha:lemma	เบธัน
11268326-n	tha:lemma	เรินต์เกน

For this data to be really useful you need to combine it with the synset relations from the Princeton wordnet.

Known Problems

• We discard any synsets not linked to PWN (such as new synsets in the Arabic wordnet). The Global Wordnet Association (including us) is working to build a better version that can handle these links.
• If the wordnet has a different structure, we only show those concepts with synonymous or near synonymous links to PWN. So for Danish, Polish and Norwegian, we only have a small subset of the entire wordnet.
• We currently can't add wordnets that don't link to PWN (such as Gaelic and Hindi).
• We are currently only adding lemmas, we discard extra information such as:
  • Definitions and examples from wordnets such as Japanese and Spanish
  • Orthographic variation and pronunciation in the Hebrew Wordnet
  • We should strip diacritics from the Arabic wordnet to make it easier for lookup.
  We plan to add this information as we need it.
• We may yet be missing some available wordnets: please help us add more. Any wordnet with an open license that links to the Princeton Wordnet is welcome.
• The interface is not very multilingual.

References

als Ervin Ruci (2008)

On the current state of Albanet and related applications, Technical Report, University of Vlora

all Francis Bond and Kyonghee Paik (2012)

A survey of wordnets and their licenses In Proceedings of the 6th Global WordNet Conference (GWC 2012). Matsue. 64–71

arb Black W., Elkateb S., Rodriguez H., Alkhalifa M., Vossen P., Pease A., Bertran M., Fellbaum C., (2006)

The Arabic WordNet Project, Proceedings of LREC 2006

cat, eus, glg, spa, Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, Egoitz Laparra and German Rigau (2012)

Multilingual Central Repository version 3.0: upgrading a very large lexical knowledge base. In Proceedings of the 6th Global WordNet Conference (GWC 2012) Matsue, Japan.

core Boyd-Graber, J., Fellbaum, C., Osherson, D., and Schapire, R. (2006)

Adding dense, weighted connections to WordNet. In: Proceedings of the Third Global WordNet Meeting, Jeju Island, Korea, January 2006

eng Christiane Fellbaum. (ed.) (1998)

WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press

fre Benoit Sagot and Darla Fišer (2008)

Building a free French wordnet from multilingual resources, E. L. R. A. (ELRA) (ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’08), Marrakech, Morocco

heb Noam Ordan and Shuly Wintner (2007)

Hebrew WordNet: a test case of aligning lexical databases across languages. International Journal of Translation 19(1):39–58, 2007

ita Emanuele Pianta, Luisa Bentivogli and Christian Girardi. (2002)

MultiWordNet: Developing an Aligned Multilingual Database. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Global WordNet, Mysore, India, January 21-25, 2002, pp. 293-302.

ind,zsm Nurril Hirfana Mohamed Noor, Suerya Sapuan and Francis Bond (2011)

Creating the open Wordnet Bahasa In Proceedings of the 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC 25) pages 258–267. Singapore

jpn Hitoshi Isahara, Francis Bond, Kiyotaka Uchimoto, Masao Utiyama and Kyoko Kanzaki (2008)

Development of Japanese WordNet. In LREC-2008, Marrakech.

fas Montazery, Mortaza and Heshaam Faili (2010)

Automatic Persian WordNet Construction the 23rd International conference on computational linguistics pp. 846–850

fin Lindén K., Carlson. L., (2010)

FinnWordNet — WordNet påfinska via översättning,LexicoNordica — Nordic Journal of Lexicography, 17:119–140

mapp Jordi Daudé, Lluís Padró and German Rigau (2000)

Mapping WordNets Using Structural Information. 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'2000), Hong Kong

pol Maciej Piasecki, Stanisław Szpakowicz and Bartosz Broda. (2009)

A Wordnet from the Ground Up. Wroclaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Poland.

por Valeria de Paiva and Alexandre Rademaker (2012)

Revisiting a Brazilian wordnet. In Proceedings of Global Wordnet Conference, Matsue. Global Wordnet Association. (also with Gerard de Melo's contribution)

sumo Adam Pease (2011)

Ontology: A Practical Guide. Articulate Software Press, Angwin, CA. ISBN 978-1-889455-10-5.

sumo Niles, I and Adam Pease (2001)

Toward a Standard Upper Ontology. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds.

tha Thoongsup S., Charoenporn T., Robkop K., Sinthurahat T., Mokarat C., Sornlertlamvanich V., Isahara H. (2009)

Thai Wordnet Construction Proceedings of The 7th Workshop on Asian Language Resources (ALR7), Joint conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP) Suntec, Singapore